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POPULATION:
1. The
World population reached 1st billionth mark in the year 1800.
2. 2nd
billion in the year 1930.
3. 3rd
billion in the year 1960.
4. 4th
billion in the year 1975.
5. 5th
billion in the year 1987. (July 11)
6. 6th
billion in the year 1999. (October 12)
7. 7th
billion in the year 2011. (October 31)
NOTE:
1. The
fifth billionth baby took birth on July 11, 1987.
2. This
day (July 11) is being observed as the World Population Day.
3. UNO
(United Nations Organization) has declared October 12 as Day of 6 billion.
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v The World population is expected to reach the
·
7th
billion mark in the year 2011
·
8th
billion mark in the year 2020.
What do
you think?
Is this
alarming?
What
happens to the limited resources that are available?
Is the
pressure on the natural resources increase?
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India occupies 2.14% of
the world’s geographical area.
India shares 17.5% of
the world’s population. (2011)
Note: The population of
China constitutes 19.5 percent of the World population.
REASONS FOR POPULATION
EXPLOSION:
§ Poverty
§ Illiteracy
§ Ignorance
§ Inadequate development
§ Early marriages
§ Lack of facilities for family planning
§ Drop in death rate
§ Religious beliefs
Do you
agree with all the above mentioned points?
Please
ponder over each point.
Do you
like to add more? Think.
Is this
related to only to India or is this a global problem.
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CENSUS 2011:
ü 2011
census is the 15th census in India.
ü In
India the first census took place in the year 1872.
ü As
per the census of 2011 the Indian population is 1.21 billion (1210.2 million).
ü The
population of India is almost equal to the combined population of USA,
Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan.
ü The
1.21 comprise 624 million males and 587 female populations.
ü Since
2001, 181 million people have been increased.
ü But,
the population growth rate has been declined by 17.64 percent.
ü The
sex ratio is increased from 933 to 940.
ü Note:
On July 11, 2015 India recorded a population of 127, 42, 39, 769.
ü Brazil
is the 5th most populated country in the World. Its population is
equal to the population of UP.
ü The
World population has reached 7.3 billion as of mid 2015.
ü The
World population is growing by 1.18 percent per annum. Approximately 83 million
people are added annually
ü The
population will reach 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050 and 11.2 billion
by 2100
WHAT IS SEX RATIO?
ü
The number of females per 1000
males
ü
X = 1000 Males
ü
X (Females) = 1000 Males
ü
940 F : 1000 M (2011 census)
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The
highest sex ratio is present in Kerala (1084:1000)
In
Union Territories Puduchhery is the top position with 1034 per 1000 males.
ü The
child sex ratio is 919: 1000.
WHAT
IS CHILD SEX RATIO?
ü This is the ratio of
children between the age group of 0 and 6 years.
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ü The
literacy rate is increased to 74.04 percent.
ü Male
literacy rate is 82.14 percent.
ü Female
literacy rate is 65.46 percent.
ü The
density of population is increased from 325 to 382.
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WHAT
IS DENSITY OF POPULATION?
ü The
number of people living per square kilometer.
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ü The
National Capital Delhi topped in the density with 11,297 people per square
kilometer.
ü Chandigarh
is with 9252 people per Sq.Km.
ü In
Union Territories Andaman and Nicobar islands has the lowest population density
of 46 people per square kilometer.
ü In
states Bihar has the highest density of population with 1102 people per square
kilometer.
ü The
state Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest density of population with 17 people per
square kilometer.
ü Uttar
Pradesh is the most populous state in the country.
ü The
population of UP as per 2011 census 19, 95, 81, 477.
ü Uttar
Pradesh constitutes 16.49 percent of the country’s population.
ü Uttar
Pradesh constitutes 1/6th of the country’s population.
ü Sikkim
is the least populated state in the country.
ü The
population of Sikkim as per 2011 census is 6, 07, 688.
ü Sikkim
constitutes 0.05 percent of the country’s population.
ü In
Union territories Delhi is highly populated.
ü The
population of Delhi is 1,67,53, 235.
ü The
population of Delhi constitutes 1.38 percent of the country’s population.
ü In
Union territories Lakshadweep is low populated.
ü The
population of Lakshadweep is 64,429.
ü The
population of Lakshadweep constitutes 0.01 percent of India’s population.
ü Kerala
is the highly literate state with 93.91 percent.
ü In
Union territories Lakshadweep is at the top position with 92.28 percent.
ü The
lowest literacy rate is present in Bihar (63.82 percent)
NCP (NATIONAL POPULATION
COMMISSION):
ü This
was constituted on May 11, 2000.
ü This
is initially kept under the Planning Commission. (Now under Ministry of
Health).
ü The
total membership of the commission was 131. (now reduced to 44)
ü The
Prime Minister is the Chairman of the National Population Commission.
ü The
basic function is to guide for population stabilization by promoting synergy
between demographic, environmental and educational programmes.
ü The
National Commission on Population was reconstituted on May 19, 2005.
ü The
commission is now function under the Ministry of Health.
ü At
present the Prime Minister is the Chairman.
THE POPULATION POLICY OF 2000:
ü The
immediate objective is to address the unmet needs of contraception, health
infrastructure, health personnel and to provide integrated service delivery for
basic reproductive and Child health care.
ü The
medium term goal is to bring the total fertility rates to replacement level by
2010.
ü The
long term goal is to achieve stable population by 2045.
ü The
commission has formed 14 socio demographic goals, like
ü Making
school education compulsory and to reduce dropouts.
ü Reduce
IMR (infant mortality rate) to 30 per 1000 live births.
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What is IMR (infant mortality rate)?
Ø Number of infants
dying per 1000 live births.
Ø As in 2015 IMR in
India 40
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ü Reduce
MMR (maternal mortality rate) to below 100 per 100000 (one lakh) live births.
What is MMR?
·
The number of mothers dying per 100000 at the time of
delivery of the baby.
·
As in 2015 MMR in India 167
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ü To
promote delayed marriage of girls
ü To
achieve 80 percent institutional deliveries
ü To
prevent and control communicable diseases
ü To
promote vigorously the small family norm to achieve replacement levels of total
fertility levels.
ü To
reward panchayats and Zilla Parishads for promoting small family norm.
ü Incentives
in case of adopting 2 child norm.
ü The
couples of BPL (below poverty line) having sterilization with not more than 2
children will be eligible for health insurance plan.
ü According
to this policy the National Commission on Population was set up under the
chairmanship of the Prime Minister.
ü To
attain the goals of the National Population Commission a NPSF (National
Population Stabilization Fund) was set up.
ü In
the year 2003 the NPSF was renamed as JSK (Janasankhya Sthiratha Kosh).
ü The
JSK supports projects, schemes, initiatives and innovative ideas designed to
help population stabilization both in government and voluntary sectors.
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MISCELLANEOUS:
ü Justice
V R Krishna Iyer Commission (on the Rights and Welfare of Women and Child) recommended
to the government of Kerala to impose a fine of Rs. 10,000/- or imprisonment up
to 3 months on those who exceed the 2 child norm. This came in criticism from
many quarters based on secular arguments in defence of basic individual rights.
On this recommendation the catholic church in Kerala encouraged its members to
increase the number of their children and also decided to award prizes to
parents with the maximum number of children and also raised a false alarm about
its survival if the number of its members does not multiply fast. (Source: The
Hindu, Date: January 8, 2012).
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